Can Second-Generation Endogenous Growth Models Explain The Productivity Trends and Knowledge Production In the Asian Miracle Economies?

Using data for six Asian miracle economies over the period from 1953 to 2006, this paper examines the extent to which growth has been driven by R&D and tests which second-generation endogenous growth model is most consistent with the data. The results give strong support to Schumpeterian growth theory but only limited support to semi-endogenous growth theory. Furthermore, it is shown that R&D has played a key role for growth in the Asian miracle economies.Schumpeterian growth; semi-endogenous growth; Asian growth miracle

Can Second-Generation Endogenous Growth Models Explain The Productivity Trends and Knowledge Production In the Asian Miracle Economies?

Using data for six Asian miracle economies over the period from 1953 to 2006, this paper examines the extent to which growth has been driven by R&D and tests which second-generation endogenous growth model is most consistent with the data. The results give strong support to Schumpeterian growth theory but only limited support to semi-endogenous growth theory. Furthermore, it is shown that R&D has played a key role for growth in the Asian miracle economies.Schumpeterian growth; semi-endogenous growth; Asian growth miracle

Catching Up to the Technology Frontier: The Dichotomy between Innovation and Imitation

Using data for 55 developing and developed countries, this research examines the roles of technology transfer, research intensity, educational attainment and the ability to absorb foreign technology in explaining cross-country differences in productivity growth. The results show that innovation is an important factor for growth in OECD countries whereas growth in developing countries is driven by imitation. Furthermore the interaction between educational attainment and the distance to the frontier is a significant determinant of growth in the overall sample.R&D; endogenous growth theory; absorptive capacity

THE INDIAN GROWTH MIRACLE AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH

Using over half a century of R&D data for India, this paper tests whether the second-generation endogenous growth theories are consistent with India’s growth experience. Furthermore, the paper also examines the extent to which growth in India can be explained by R&D activity, international R&D spillovers, catch-up to the technology frontier and policy reforms. The empirical results show that the growth in India over the past five decades has been significantly driven by research intensity following the predictions of Schumpeterian growth theory.Schumpeterian growth; semi-endogenous growth; R&D.

Influence of postemergence herbicides on the physiology of pathogenesis by Drechslera sorokiniana on sequentially senescent leaves of Poa pratensis

The effects of two phenoxy postemergence herbicides, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP) and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), on the physiology of Poa pratensis and on pathogenesis by Drechslera sorokiniana were investigated. Concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates were generally decreased in all leaves of P. pratensis plants growing in soil to which these herbicides had been applied. Decreased concentrations of sucrose and total sugars correlated with increased leaf spot severity. It was hypothesized that decreasing sugar concentrations could have resulted in increased enzyme induction that enhanced pathogenesis by D. sorokiniana. The decrease of the concentrations of some amino acids in response to herbicide application correlated with increased leaf spot severity. The effects of the phenoxy herbicides on concentrations of sugars and free amino acids in leaves of P. pratensis are similar to changes in these compounds in senescing leaves. This is consistent with the hypothesis that factors promoting leaf senescence enhance D. sorokiniana leaf spot;A toxic extract was prepared from cultures of D. sorokiniana grown on Czapek Dox broth. The toxic extract caused leaf yellowing when applied to leaves of P. pratensis, but did not cause a rise in endogenous ethylene in the leaves. Incubation of toxic extract-treated plants at 233 mbar alleviated chlorophyll loss. It was hypothesized that naturally low levels of endogenous ethylene may predispose tissue to toxic extract-induced chlorosis, or that the toxic extract may increase the sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene and result in chlorosis. Leaves of herbicide-tolerant P. pratensis plants treated with the phenoxy herbicides had a chlorophyll loss that was not visible. This loss of chlorophyll also was alleviated by incubation at 233 mbar. Application of the toxic extract to leaves of herbicide-treated plants resulted in leaf yellowing. Incubation of the plants at 233 mbar alleviated the yellowing, but the chlorophyll content remained below control levels. It seems that the combined effect of the toxic extract and phenoxy herbicides is a diffuse loss of chlorophyll that is not ethylene related and cannot be alleviated by reduced atmospheric pressure

Coherent control and feedback cooling in a remotely-coupled hybrid atom-optomechanical system

Cooling to the motional ground state is an important first step in the preparation of nonclassical states of mesoscopic mechanical oscillators. Light-mediated coupling to a remote atomic ensemble has been proposed as a method to reach the ground state for low frequency oscillators. The ground state can also be reached using optical measurement followed by feedback control. Here we investigate the possibility of enhanced cooling by combining these two approaches. The combination, in general, outperforms either individual technique, though atomic ensemble-based cooling and feedback cooling each individually dominate over large regions of parameter space.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Updated to include exemplary experimental parameters and expanded discussion of noise source

Faith-Based Organizations Engaged in the Social Economy in Western Canada

Community organizations in what is now called the social economy have been an important part of Canadian economic and community development for generations. Local communities from coast to coast to coast have organized grass-roots economic initiatives to provide needed jobs, goods and services when the dominant economic systems have proved to be inadequate. In many cases, religious faith organizations and faith-inspired individuals have been key players in the development of the social economy in Canada. Up until recently, these faith organizations were associated almost entirely with Christian churches and religious organizations. In recent years in Canada, there have been social economy initiatives connected to organizations and individuals from different world religions including Aboriginal spirituality. This research project examined the role and impact of faith-based organizations in the social economy in Western Canada.BC-Alberta Social Economy Research Alliance (BALTA) ; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC